Guide to Safe Scouting A Unit Leader's Guide for Current Policies and Procedures to Safe Activities BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA Text Only Version 1993 Printing Boy Scouts of America Irving, Texas No. 34410 Table of Contents: Preface I. Adult Leadership Leadership Requirements for Trips and Outings II. Aquatics Safety Safe Swim Defense Classification of Swimming Ability Pool and Surf Swimming Safety Afloat Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) Water Clarity BSA Lifeguard Swimming and Diving Areas Scuba (Explorers and older Scouts only) Snorkeling, BSA Waterskiing Board Sailing Whitewater Safety Code III. Camping Age Guidelines Trail Safety Beware of Lightning IV. Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use and Abuse V. Emergency Preparedness Emergency Phone Number List VI. First Aid First-Aid Kits Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens Near-Drowning VII. Fuels and Fire Prevention Chemical Fuels Guidelines for Safely Using Chemical Stoves and Lanterns Flammability Warning Extinguishers Fireworks VIII. Guns and Firearms Cub Scout Standards Boy Scout Standards Handguns (Explorers only) Shotguns Muzzle Loaders Rifles IX. Hazardous Sports and Activities That Require Special Precautions Cave Exploring Judo Rock Climbing and Rappelling Unauthorized and Restricted Activities Carbon Tetrachloride Knives Rope Monkey Bridges Parade Floats and Hayrides Unit Fund-raisers Tractor Safety X. Inspections Meeting Room Motor Vehicles Unit Camping Boats XI. Medical Information Immunizations Life-Threatening Communicable Diseases Religious Beliefs and Medical Care XII. Transportation Automobiles Campers, Trailers, and Trucks Buses Trains Boats Aircraft Tour Permits XIII. Winter Activities XIV. Youth Protection and Child Abuse Appendix Preface The purpose of this pamphlet is to prepare adult leaders to conduct Scouting activities in a safe and prudent manner. The policies and guidelines have been established because of the real need to protect members from known hazards that have been identified through eighty-plus years of experience. Limitations on certain activities should not be viewed as stumbling blocks; rather, policies and guide-lines are best described as stepping stones toward safe and enjoyable adventures. Unit leaders should be aware of state or local regulations that supersede Boy Scouts of America policies and guidelines. Note: Sections delineated with square brackets | denote rules and policies. Sections delineated with angle brackets <> denote wording that is italicized in the hardcopy publication. I. Adult Leadership Each Cub Scout den and Webelos den and each chartered Cub Scout pack, Boy Scout troop, Varsity Scout team, and Explorer post shall have one citizen of the United States, 21 years of age or older, who shall be registered and serve as the unit or den leader. A unit leader may not serve simultaneously in any other position within the same unit. The head of the chartered organization or chartered organization representative and the local council must approve the registration of the unit or den leader on the appropriate form.| Primary reference: Leadership Requirements for Trips and Outings 1. Two-deep leadership: Two registered adult leaders, or one adult and a parent of a participating Scout, one of whom must be at least 21 years of age or older, are required for all trips or outings. There are a few instances such as patrol activities, when no adult leadership is required. Coed overnight activities require male and female adult leaders.| 2. During transportation to and from planned Scout outings. a. Meet for departure at a designated area. b. Prearrange a schedule for periodic checkpoint stops as a group. c. Plan a daily destination point. A common departure site and a daily destination point are a must. If you cannot provide two adults for each vehicle, the minimum required is one adult and two or more youth members--never one on one. 3. Safety rule of four: No fewer than four individuals (always with the minimum of two adults) go on any backcountry expedition or campout.| If an accident occurs, one person stays with the injured, and two go for help. Additional adult leadership requirements must reflect an awareness of such factors as size and skill level of the group, anticipated environmental conditions. and overall degree of challenge. 4. Male and female leaders require separate sleeping facilities. Married couples may share the same quarters if appropriate facilities are available.| 5. Male and female youth participants will not share the same sleeping facility.| 6. When staying in tents, no youth will stay in the tent of an adult other than his or her parent or guardian.| 7. If separate shower and latrine facilities are not available, separate times for male and female use should be scheduled and posted for showers. The buddy system should be used for latrines by having one person wait outside the entrance, or provide Occupied and Unoccupied signs and/or inside door latches. II. Aquatics Safety Most accidents in aquatics activities are caused by the lack of adult supervision and discipline. Almost every accidental drowning can be attributed to the violation of one or more safe swim defenses. Safe Swim Defense All swimming activity in Scouting is conducted according to the Safe Swim Defense.| The proven procedures in this water- safety plan have given Scouting what is believed to be one of the best water safety records of any youth organization. Previously known as the Eight Defense Plan, the concept was first developed more than forty-five years ago. One of the best opportunities for Safe Swim Defense training is in summer camp. The eight defenses are: 1. Qualified Supervision All swimming activity must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult over 21 years of age who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of the children in his or her care, who is experienced in the water and confident of his or her ability to respond in the event of an emergency, and who is trained in and committed to compliance with the eight points of BSA Safe Swim Defense. (It is strongly recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth member currently certified as a BSA Lifeguard to assist in the planning and conduct of all swimming activity.)| 2. Physical Fitness Require evidence of fitness for swimming activity with a complete health history from physician, parent, or legal guardian.| The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision, discipline, and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated with individual health conditions. In the event of any significant health conditions, the unit leader should require proof of an examination by a physician. Those with physical handicaps can enjoy and benefit from aquatics if the hand-icaps are known and necessary precaution's are taken. 3. Safe Area| Have lifeguards and swimmers systematically examine the bottom of the swimming area to determine varying depths, deep holes, rocks, and stumps. Mark off the area for three groups: not more than 3-1/2 feet deep for nonswimmers; from shallow water to just over the head for beginners; deep water not over 12 feet for swimmers.| For boundary markers, use poles stuck in the bottom or plastic bottles, balloons, or sticks attached to rock anchors with twine. Enclose nonswimmer and beginner areas with buoy lines (twine and floats) between markers. Mark the outer bounds of the swimmer area with floats. 4. Lifeguards on Duty Designate as lifeguards two persons who are capable swimmers.| Station them ashore, equipped with lifeline (100- foot length of 3/16-inch nylon cord). In an emergency, one carries out the line and the other feeds it out from shore and then pulls in the partner and the youth being assisted. In addition, if a boat is available, man it with two persons, preferably capable swimmers, one rowing and the other equipped with a 10-foot pole or extra oar. Provide one guard for every ten participants. 5. Lookout| Station a lookout on the shore where it is possible to see and hear everything in all areas. The lookout may be the adult in charge of the swim and may give the buddy signals. 6. Ability Groups Tests to determine swimming ability should be renewed each year at the beginning of the season.| With the results, leaders can divide the youth into three classifications--nonswimmers, beginners, and swimmers--and keep each group in its own area. 7. Buddy System Pair every youth with another in the same ability group.| Buddies check in and out of the swimming area together. Check everyone in the water about every ten minutes. The adult in charge signals for a buddy check with a single blast of a whistle or ring of a bell and a call of ''Bud-dies!'' The adult counts slowly to ten while buddies join and raise hands and remain still and silent. Guards check all areas, count the pairs, and compare the total with the number known to be in the water. Signal two blasts or bells to resume swimming. Signal three blasts or bells for checkout. 8. Discipline| Be sure everyone understands and agrees that swimming is allowed only with proper supervision and use of the complete Safe Swim Defense.| Advise parents of this policy. When the participants know the reason for rules and procedures, they are more likely to follow them. Be strict and fair, showing no favoritism. Classification of Swimming Ability | The swimmer test demonstrates the minimum level of swimming ability required for safe deep-water swimming. The various components of the test evaluate the several skills essential to this minimum level of swimming ability: Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off, and begin swimming. Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy, resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be swum continuously and include at least one sharp turn. After completing the swim, rest by floating.| The test administrator must objectively evaluate the individual performance of the test. and in so doing should keep in mind the purpose of each test element. 1. "Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off, and begin swimming...." The swimmer must be able to make an abrupt entry into deep water and begin swimming without any aids. Walking in from shallow water, easing in from the edge or down a ladder, pushing off from side or bottom, or gaining forward momentum by diving do not satisfy this requirement. 2. ". . . Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; . . ." The swimmer must be able to cover distance with a strong, confident stroke. The 75 yards must not be the outer limit of the swimmer's ability; completion of the distance should give evidence of sufficient stamina to avoid undue risks. Dog-paddling and strokes repeatedly interrupted and restarted are not sufficient; underwater swimming is not permitted. The itemized strokes are inclusive. Any strong side or breaststroke or any strong overarm stroke (including the back crawl) is acceptable. 3. ". . . swim 25 yards using; an easy, resting backstroke . . ." The swimmer must indicate the ability to execute a restful, free-breathing backstroke that can be used to avoid exhaustion during swimming activity. This element of the test necessarily follows the more strenuous swimming activity to show that the swimmer is, in fact, able to use the backstroke as a relief from exertion. The change of stroke must be accomplished in deep water without any push- off or other aid. Any variation of the elementary may suffice if it clearly provides opportunity for the swimmer to rest and regain wind. 4. ". . . The 100 yards must be swum continuously and include at least one sharp turn. . . . " The total distance is to be covered without rest stops. The sharp turn simply demonstrates the swimmer's ability to reverse direction in deep water without assistance or push-off from side or bottom. 5. ". . . After completing the swim, rest by floating.'' This critically important component of the test evaluates the swimmer's ability to maintain in the water indefinitely even though exhausted or otherwise unable to continue swimming. Treading water or swimming in place will further tire the swimmer and are therefore unacceptable. The duration of the float test is not significant, except that it must be long enough for the test administrator to determine that swimmer is, in fact, resting and could likely continue to do so for a prolonged time. The drownproofing technique may be sufficient if clearly restful, but it is not preferred. If the test is completed except for the float requirement, the swimmer may be retested on the floating only (after instruction) provided that the test administrator is confident that the swimmer can initiate the float when exhausted. Reference: and merit badge pamphlets | Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off, swim 25 feet on the surface, stop, turn sharply, resume swimming as before, and return to starting place.| The entry and turn serve the same purpose as in the swimmer test. The swimming can be done with any stroke, but no underwater swimming is permitted. The stop assures that the swimmer can regain a stroke if it is interrupted. The test demonstrates that the beginning swimmer is ready to learn deepwater skills and has the minimum ability required for safe swimming in a confined area in which shallow water, sides, or other support is less than 25 feet from any point in the water. Pool and Surf Swimming The Safe Swim Defense applies to swimming at the beach, private or public pool, wilderness pond, stream, lake, or anywhere Scouts swim. Here are some additional points for the pool and the surf. Pool--If the swimming activity is in a public facility where others are using the pool at the same time, and the pool operator provides guard personnel, there may be no need for additional designation of Scout lifeguards and lookout. The buddy system is critically important. however, even in a public pool. Remember. even in a crowd, you are alone without protection if no one is attentive to your circumstances. The rule that people swim only in water suited to their ability and with others of similar ability applies in a pool environment. Most public pools divide shallow and deep water, and this may be sufficient for defining appropriate swimming areas. If not, the supervisor should clearly indicate to the participating Scouts the appropriate areas of the public facility. Although such procedures add a margin of safety, their use may not always be practical when the swim activity is conducted at a public facility where non-Scouts are present. A responsible adult supervisor, who understands his or her responsibility and the elements of safety, can exercise discretion regarding certain procedures while maintaining safety. Surf--The surf swimming environment of wave action, currents, tides, undertow, runouts, and sea pests like stinging jellyfish requires precautions for safe swimming that aren't necessary in other environments. A swimmer's physical condition is very important and should enable the swimmer to recover footing in waves, swim vigorously for at least five minutes without becoming exhausted. and remain calm and in control when faced with unexpected conditions. Designated swimming areas are marked by flags or pennants that are easily seen. Beginners and nonswimmers are positioned inshore from the standing lifeguards equipped with reach poles. Better swimmers are permitted seaward of the lifeguard but must remain shoreward of anchored marker buoys. The lifeguard-to-swimmer ratio should always be 1-to- 10, with a rescue team stationed at the beach area and supplied with a rescue tube or torpedo buoy. Safety Afloat Safety Afloat has been developed to promote boating and boating safety and to set standards for safe unit activity afloat. Before a BSA group may engage in an excursion, expedition, or trip on the water (canoe, raft, sailboat, motorboat, rowboat, tube, or other craft), adult leaders for such activity must complete "Safety Afloat Training," No. 1459, have a "Commitment Card" with them, and be dedicated to full compliance with all nine points of Safety Afloat.| 1. Qualified Supervision| All activity afloat must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult over 21 years of age who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of the children in his or her care, who is experienced and qualified in the particular watercraft skills and equipment involved in the activity, and who is committed to compliance with the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat. One such supervisor is required for each ten people, with a minimum of two adults for any one group. All supervisors must complete BSA Safety Afloat and Safe Swim Defense training, and at least one must be certified in CPR. (It is strongly recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth member currently certified as a BSA Lifeguard to assist in the planning and conduct of all activity afloat.)| The ratio of adult supervisors to participants is one to five.| 2. Physical Fitness| All persons must present evidence of fitness assured by a complete health history from physician, parent, or legal guardian.| The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision, discipline, and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated with individual health conditions. In the event of any significant health conditions, the adult leader should require proof of an examination by a physician. Those with physical handicaps can enjoy and benefit from aquatics if the handicaps are known and necessary precautions taken. 3. Swimming Ability| A person who has not been classified as a "swimmer" may ride as a passenger in a rowboat or motorboat with an adult "swimmer" or in a canoe, raft, or sailboat with an adult certified as a lifeguard or a lifesaver by a recognized agency. In all other circumstances, the person must be a swimmer to participate in an activity afloat. "Swimmers" must pass this test:| Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off, and begin swimming. Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the following strokes; sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy, resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be swum continuously and include at least one sharp turn. After completing the swim, rest by floating.| This qualification test should be renewed annually. 4. Personal Flotation Equipment| Properly fitted U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in activity on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, board sailing, motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, kayaking, and surfboarding. Type II and III PFDs are recommended.| 5. Buddy System| All activity afloat must adhere to the principles of the buddy system.| The buddy system assures that for every person involved in aquatics activity, at least one other person is always aware of his or her situation and prepared to lend assistance immediately when needed. Not only does every individual have a buddy, but every craft should have a "buddy boat" when on the water. 6. Skill Proficiency| All persons participating in unit activity afloat on the open water must be trained and practiced in craft- handling skills, safety, and emergency procedures.| a. All persons planning to participate in unit activity on white water must complete special training conducted by an Aquatics Instructor, BSA, or qualified equivalent.| b. Powerboat operators must complete state certification and be able to meet requirements for the Motorboating merit badge or equivalent (American Red Cross, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, or U.S. Power Squadron).| Except for white water and power-boat operation as noted above, a minimum of three hours training and supervised practice or fulfilling the requirements for basic handling tests is required for all unpowered craft.| Canoeing and rafting for Cub Scouts (including Webelos Scouts) is to be limited to council/district events on ponds or controlled lake areas free of powerboats and sailboats. Prior to recreational canoeing, Cub Scouts are to be instructed in basic handling skills and safety practices.| 7. Planning| a. Float Plan.| Know exactly where the unit will put in, where the unit will pull out, and precisely what course will be followed. Determine all stopover points in advance. Estimate travel time with ample margins to avoid traveling under time pressures. Obtain accurate and current maps and information on the waterway to be traveled, and discuss the course with others who have made the trip under similar seasonal conditions. (Preferably, an adult member of the group should run the course before the unit trip.) b. Local Rules.| Determine which state and local laws or regulations are applicable. If private property is to be used or crossed, obtain written permission from the owners. All such rules must be strictly observed. c. Notification.| The float plan must be filed with the parents of participants and a member of the unit committee. For any activity using canoes on running water, the float plan must be filed with the local council service center. Notify appropriate authorities, such as Coast Guard, state police, or park personnel, when their jurisdiction is involved. When the unit returns from this activity, persons given the float plan should be so advised. d. Weather.| Check the weather forecast just before setting out, know and understand the seasonal weather pattern for the region, and keep an alert "weather eye." Imminent rough weather should bring all ashore immediately. e. Contingencies.| Planning must anticipate possible emergencies or other circumstances that could force a change in the original plan. Identify and consider all such circumstances in advance so that appropriate contingency plans can be developed. Cub Scout canoeing and rafting does not include "trips" or "expeditions" and is not to be conducted on running water (i.e., rivers or streams):| therefore, some procedures are inapplicable. Suitable weather requires clear skies, no appreciable wind, and warm air and water. 8. Equipment| All equipment must be suited to the craft, to the water conditions, and to the individual; must be in good repair; and must satisfy all state and U.S. Coast Guard requirements.| To the extent possible, carry spare equipment. On long trips or when spare equipment is not available, carry repair materials. Have appropriate rescue equipment available for immediate use. 9. Discipline| All participants should know, understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe unit activity afloat.| When Scouts know and understand the reason for the rules, they will observe them. When fairly and impartially applied, rules do not interfere with fun. Rules for safety, plus common sense and good judgment, keep the fun from being interrupted by tragedy. Note: For cruising vessels excluding rowboats, canoes, kayaks, and rafts, but including sailboats and powerboats longer than 20 feet) used in adult-supervised unit activities by a chartered Explorer post or ship specializing in watercraft operations or used in adult-supervised program activity in connection with any high-adventure program or other activity under the direct control of the National Council, the standards and procedures in the , No. 3239, may be substituted for the "Safety Afloat" standards.| Personal Flotation Devices (PFD's) Properly fitted U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in activity on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, boardsailing, motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, kayaking, and surfboarding).| Only U.S. Coast Guard-approved equipment (types I, II, or III) is acceptable for use in Scouting aquatics.| Ski belts are not acceptable. Scouts and unit leaders should learn which type is appropriate for each specific circumstance and how to wear and check for proper fit. Water Clarity Swimming activity in turbid water should be limited to surface swimming. Turbid water exists when a 12-inch white disk at the depth of 3 feet is not visible from above the surface of the water. Underwater swimming, headfirst entry (except for racing dives), and board diving are not permitted in turbid water.| Supervised instruction in lifesaving skills and surface diving may be conducted in confined areas of turbid water not exceeding 8 feet in depth and free of bottom hazards. Snorkeling and scuba skills are taught and practiced only in clear water. Clear water exists when a 12-inch disk at a depth of 8 feet is visible from above the surface of the water.| BSA Lifeguard BSA Lifeguard certification has been established to provide units (packs, troops. teams, and posts) with qualified individuals within their own membership to give knowledgeable supervision for activities on or in the water. The first standard in the Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat guidelines establishes a need for qualified supervision. An adult currently certified as a BSA Lifeguard or an adult leader assisted by a Scout holding BSA Lifeguard certification meets this requirement. There is no minimum or maximum age for qualifying as a BSA Lifeguard. The latest requirements for BSA Lifeguard certification are included on the application form, No. 4435. Every unit leader is encouraged to become certified or to be certain that at least one youth or adult member of the unit has such certification. Swimming and Diving Areas Swimming areas should be large enough to avoid crowding (minimum of 40 square feet per swimmer). Water depth for nonswimmers should not exceed 3-1/2 feet; for beginners, 6 feet. These areas should be visibly identified.| A maximum water depth of 7 feet beneath and in front of the point of entry is required for diving from the edge of a pool, pier, or floating platform. A minimum of 12 feet of depth is required for diving from a 1-meter board. Diving boards are not permitted higher than 1 meter above the water surface or extended from a floating platform.| Studies show that the most serious diving injuries occur to males, ages 12 to 31, diving from low heights, such as the edge of a pool deck, a dock, or a pier, into water less than 4 feet deep. A common type of injury on troop swims results from jumping or diving from high points above the water onto persons in the water below. Scuba (Explorers and older Scouts only) Any person possessing, displaying, or using scuba equipment in connection with any Scouting-related activity must be currently certified by the National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) or the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI). These two agencies are recognized by the Boy Scouts of America for scuba training and instruction. Alternatively, if PADI or NAUI training and instruction is not available, certification may be accepted from other agencies that comply with Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC) guidelines, provided that such acceptance has been expressly approved by the BSA local council in consultation with the BSA national Health and Safety Service.| Scuba programs may be a part of Varsity or Venture activities and Exploring for participants who are 14 years of age or older. Persons meeting the age requirement and properly certified may participate in group dives under the supervision of a responsible adult who is currently certified as a dive master, assistant instructor, or any higher rating from NAUI or PADI. Student divers must be under the supervision of a currently certified NAUI or PADI instructor. No exceptions to the BSA age requirement are permitted, and any NAUI or PADI age requirements for those 14 and older shall be followed in all Scout-related activities. A 14-year-old participant with a junior diver certification may dive only when accompanied by a buddy who is a certified open-water diver at least 18 years old.| Because of lack of frequency of diving by most sports divers, it is important that any certified divers be screened and evaluated by a certified diving instructor before participating in BSA-related activities. The skills to be evaluated include the following:| a. Use of buoyancy control device| b. Giant stride entry| c. Removal and replacement of weight belt| d. Neutral buoyancy| e. Snorkel to regulator exchange| f. Removal and replacement of scuba unit under the water| g. Face mask removal, replacement, and clearing| h. Emergency swimming ascent| i. Alternate air source ascent| j. Predive safety drill| k. Five-point ascent and descent| l. Deepwater exits| m. Simulation of surface procedures| Snorkeling, BSA This recognition may be earned by any Scout who has successfully passed the official BSA swimmer test during the current season. BSA Aquatics Instructors or those certified by YMCA, PADI, NAUI, NASDS, or SSI as skin-diving instructors may conduct this program. Requirements and program outlines are available through the Health and Safety Service, Boy Scouts of America, 1325 West Walnut Hill Lane, P.0. Box 152079, Irving, TX 75015- 2079. Waterskiing Safe waterskiing starts with safe equipment; a thorough knowledge of techniques; competent instruction; an efficient. careful tow boat operator; and a conscientious observer. A life jacket is a must for all water-skiers. Skis should be in good shape and free from sharp or protruding edges. The boat operator should be driving solely for the benefit, satisfaction, and safety of the skier. The boat and skier should stay away from docks, swimmers, boaters, people who are fishing, and other objects The Water-Skier's Safety Code and Boat Driver's Safety Code are found in the merit badge pamphlet. These are guidelines to be followed by all those involved in the sport of waterskiing. Reference: merit badge pamphlet Board Sailing The BSA board sailing program has been developed to introduce Scout-age children to basic board sailing skills, equipment, and safety precautions, to encourage development of skills that promote fitness and safe aquatics recreation, and to lay a skill and knowledge foundation for those who will later participate in more advanced and demanding activities on the water. Any person recognized and certified as an instructor by Windsurfer International or the U.S. Board Sailing Association may serve as a counselor for this award with the approval of the local council service center. Any person trained and experienced in board sailing skills and safety may serve as a counselor for this award in a Scout summer camp program under the direction and supervision of a currently certified BSA Aquatics Instructor. Instruction in recreational activity must be conducted according to the BSA guidelines for board sailing. The board sailing award will be introduced and available for inclusion in Scout programs in 1992. Reference: , Section IV, Aquatics. Whitewater Safety Code The American Whitewater Affiliation (AWA) Safety Code includes ten recommendations for river safety: 1. Be a competent swimmer. 2. Wear a PFD. 3. Keep your canoe under control, always! 4. Be aware of river hazards and avoid them. 5. Boating alone is not recommended; preferred minimum is three to a craft. 6. Be suitably equipped. a. Wear shoes (tennis shoes or special canoeing shoes are best). b. Tie your glasses on. c. Carry knife and waterproof matches (also compass and map). d. Don't wear bulky clothing that will waterlog. e. Wear a crash helmet where upsets are likely. f. Carry an extra paddle and canoe-repair tape. g. Open canoes should have bow and stern lines (painters) securely attached. Use at least 15 feet of 1/4- or 3/8-inch rope. Secure them to the canoe so they are readily available but will not entangle feet and legs in case of a spill. 7. Swim on your back in fast water, keeping your feet and legs downstream and high. Keep watching ahead. 8. When you start to spill, keep the upstream gunwale high. 9. If you do spill, hang on to your canoe and get to the upstream end. (Note: If you are heading into rough rapids and quick rescue is not expected, or if water is numbing cold, then swim for shore or a rock where you can climb out of the water.) 10. When you are with a group: a. Organize the group to even out canoeing ability. b. Keep the group compact for mutual support. c. Don't crowd rapids! Let each canoe complete the run before the next canoe enters. d. Each canoe is responsible for the canoe immediately behind it. Age Guidelines The Boy Scouts of America has established the following guidelines for its members' participation in camping activities: o Overnight camping by second- and third-grade Cub Scout dens or Cub Scout packs (other than at an approved resident camping facility operated by the local council) is not approved, and certificates of liability will not be provided by the Boy Scouts of America.| o Cub Scouts (second and third graders) and Webelos Scouts (fourth and fifth graders) may participate in a resident overnight camping program covering at least two nights and operating under certified leadership in an established Scout camp operated by the council during the normal camping season.| A Webelos Scout may participate in overnight den camping when supervised by his mother or father. If a parent cannot attend, arrangements must be made by the boy's family for another youth's parent (but not the Webelos leader) or another adult relative or friend to be a substitute at the campout.| Family camping in local council camps may be approved for individual families and groups of families (individual groups of families from the same Cub Scout pack) at the option of the council. There shall be at least one parent/guardian (21 or older) for each family unit. Adult family members are responsible for all children in their own family at all times.| o All Boy Scouts (11-18) may participate in troop or patrol overnight campouts, camporees, and resident camps.| o Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, and Explorers age 13 or older may also participate in world jamborees and high- adventure programs.| If a well-meaning leader brings along a child who does not meet these age guidelines, disservice is done to the unit because of distractions often caused by younger children. A disservice is done to the child, who is not trained to participate in such an activity and who, as a nonmember of the group, may be ignored by the older campers. Trail Safety Alertness and care in all that is done on the trail and performing within the group's known capabilities are among the best preventive measures against accidents. Most common outdoor injuries are blisters, cuts, sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures. Hikers also may become lost or get caught in storms, and they often panic as a result. Avoidable tragedies occur if campers and leaders lack the skills and knowledge to deal with the problems encountered. Leaders must alert their young people to the dangers of unusual environment with proper instructions on fire safety, orienteering, and safe travel. Leaders must instruct those in their groups to on well-established trails, avoid loose rocks (especially on descent), and avoid dangerous ledges, cliffs, and areas where a fall might occur. Accidents can occur when hikers kick and roll boulders down steep hills. Wilderness trails have no caution signs for loose rocks, nor do they have guard rails on cliffs. Trail safety is a matter of common sense. The response of individual members of a group in doing the right thing is important. When they understand the reason for rules of safety, they obey them more willingly. The Boy Scouts of America has an abundance of literature related to proper procedures and guidelines for a group on a trail. References: ; , , and merit badge pamphlets; ; and Beware of Lightning The summits of mountains, crests of ridges, slopes above timberline, and large meadows are extremely hazardous places to be during lightning storms. If you are caught in such an exposed place, quickly descend to a lower elevation, away from the direction of the approaching storm, and squat down, keeping your head low. A dense forest located in a depression provides the best protection. Avoid taking shelter under isolated trees or trees much taller than adjacent trees. Stay away from water, metal objects, and other substances that will conduct electricity long distances. By squatting with your feet close together, you have minimal contact with the ground, thus reducing danger from ground currents. If the threat of lightning strikes is great, your group should not huddle together but spread out at least 15 feet apart. If one member of your group is jolted, the rest of you can tend to him. Whenever lightning is nearby, take off backpacks with either external or internal metal frames. In tents, stay at least a few inches from metal tent poles. Lightning Safety Rules o Stay away from open doors and windows. fireplaces, radiators, stoves, metal pipes. sinks, and plug-in electrical appliances. o Don't use hair dryers, electric toothbrushes. or electric razors. o Don't use the telephone; lightning may strike telephone wires outside. o Don't take laundry off the clothesline. o Don't work on fences, telephone lines, power lines, pipelines, or structural steel fabrications. o Don't handle flammable materials in open containers. o Don't use metal objects. such as fishing rods and golf clubs. Golfers wearing cleated shoes are particularly good lightning rods. o Stop tractor work, especially when the tractor is pulling metal equipment, and dismount. Tractors and other implements in metallic contact with the ground are often struck by lightning. o Get out of the water and off small boats. o Stay in the car if you are traveling. Automobiles offer excellent lightning protection. o When no shelter is available, avoid the highest object in the area. If only isolated trees are nearby, the best protection is to crouch in the open, keeping twice as far away from isolated trees as the trees are high. o Avoid hilltops, open spaces, wire fences, metal clotheslines, exposed sheds, and any electrically conducted elevated objects. IV. Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use and Abuse The Boy Scouts of America prohibits the use of alcoholic beverages and controlled substances at encampments or activities on property owned and/or operated by the Boy Scouts of America, or at any activity involving participation of youth members.| Adult leaders should support the attitude that young adults are better off without tobacco and should not allow the use of tobacco products at any BSA activity involving youth participants.| V. Emergency Preparedness Perhaps the most critical test of your preparedness will be in time of emergency. Developing and rehearsing an emergency action plan will add precious time needed for response to a crisis. This is true on a day hike, overnight or longer troop camp, and all other activities. A plan should include: 1. The person in charge 2. Action to be taken 3. Alternatives 4. People and agencies to notify 5. Location of law enforcement 6. Fire and health facilities 7. Evacuation procedures Skilled planners "live" the experience in advance by thinking their way through every detail of an activity or event. This practice helps eliminate surprises. If an emergency occurs, panic is replaced by self-confident quickness. Whenever an emergency occurs in which a person needs medical care beyond simple first aid (for example, going to a medical clinic or emergency room at a hospital), leaders should immediately notify the parent or next of kin. In case of a missing Scout or a fatality, notify the council Scout executive after notifying local authorities and emergency medical services. Prepare an emergency phone number list, like the one below, for out-of-town trips. This list and an ample supply of coins should be kept with your first-aid kit. Emergency Phone Number List 1. Location of trip or expedition: 2. Location of nearest town(s), city(ies), or phone(s): 3. Name and phone number of nearest doctor, hospital, or medical facility: 4. Name and phone number of nearest county sheriff department: 5. Name and phone number of nearest state or federal park station: 6. Phone number of ______________ Highway Patrol: 7. Phone number of local BSA council service center: VI. First Aid First aid is the first help or immediate care given someone who has suddenly sickened or been hurt in an accident. First-aid training continues through the program of the Boy Scouts of America as concrete evidence that we are prepared to help others in need. It is important that one person in each touring group be trained in the principles of first aid, know how and when to put this knowledge to the best use, and thoroughly understand the limitations of this knowledge. It is strongly recommended that adult leaders in Scouting avail themselves of CPR and first-aid training by the American Red Cross or any recognized agency to be aware of the latest techniques and procedures. However, some of the first-aid techniques found in BSA literature are not the same as those professed by the American Red Cross. Frequently, modifications depend on the Scout's age--this could be a factor in the Scout's judgment and physical dexterity. First-Aid Kits A first-aid kit well stocked with the basic essentials is indispensable. Choose one sturdy and lightweight, yet large enough to hold the contents so that they are readily visible and so that any one item may be taken out without unpacking the whole kit. Keep a list of contents readily available for easy refilling. Keep the kit in a convenient location. Make one person responsible for keeping the kit filled and available when needed. Quantities of suggested items for your first-aid kit depend on the size of your group and local conditions. Bar of soap 2-inch roller bandage 1-inch roller bandage 1-inch adhesive 3-by-3-inch sterile pads Triangular bandage Assorted gauze pads Adhesive strips Clinical oral thermometer Scissors Tweezers Sunburn lotion Lip salve Poison-ivy lotion Small flashlight (with extra batteries and bulb) Absorbent cotton Water purification tablets (iodine) Safety pins Needles Paper cups Foot powder Instant ice packs Because of the possibility of exposure to communicable diseases, first-aid kits should include latex gloves, goggles, and antiseptic to be used when giving first aid to bleeding victims, as protection against possible exposure. Mouthpieces or mouth barrier devices should be available for CPR. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) This specialized skill to endeavor to revive victims of cardiac arrest (no breathing-no pulse) may be taught to Boy Scouts and Explorers by an instructor currently certified by the American Red Cross or American Heart Association. Teaching this skill to Cub Scouts is not recommended. Preliminary skills related to CPR are found in the and the merit badge pamphlet (rescue breathing, choking, and steps to take for CPR). Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens Many people are concerned about the rapid spread of HIV (the AIDS virus) and try to avoid exposing themselves to this hazard. Health professionals and amateur first-aiders like those of us in Scouting may find ourselves faced with special concerns in this regard. Therefore, we must know how to act and how to instruct the youth we lead. All Scouters should do the following: 1. Try to maintain the BSA's tradition of rendering first aid to those in need. 2. Recognize that often the victims we treat with first aid are friends and family members whose health we are familiar with. Therefore, in such cases, except when we know they have infectious diseases, we should not hesitate to treat them. 3. Treat all blood as if it is contaminated with bloodborne viruses. Try to stop bleeding or dress wounds after protecting ourselves by wearing latex or vinyl gloves, or covering our hands with several sterile dressings or a piece of plastic wrap. Unit first-aid kits should, therefore, contain these items. First-aiders should always wash their hands immediately after treating any kind of injury, especially one involving blood or any other body fluid. 4. Render rescue breathing using a mouth-barrier device. This allows the rescuer to breathe into the victim, but prevents the victim's breath from passing through that same device. This device also keeps the victim's saliva from entering the rescuer's system. First-aid equipment suppliers and many pharmacies sell this equipment. One should be in every unit first-aid kit. 5. Equip first-aiders with plastic goggles that will prevent a victim's blood from getting into the rescuer's eyes in the case of serious arterial bleeding. Individuals who might have been exposed to another's blood and body fluids (medicine, fire rescue, and law enforcement Explorer post members; volunteer first-aiders at camporees, Scouting shows, and similar events) should know the following: 1. The chartered organization and its leaders should always explain and make clear the possible degree of exposure to blood or body fluids as a result of Scouting activities. 2. As a precaution, adult volunteers or youth members should consider a hepatitis-B vaccination. The cost of the shots will not be borne by BSA nor is the chartered organization required to underwrite the cost. 3. The chartered organization may arrange to have shots given at a reduced rate or free of charge. 4. If vaccination is recommended, any adult volunteers and youth members who decline the shots either at full cost to them or at a reduced rate, or free, should sign a refusal waiver that should be retained by the council for five years. Near-Drowning Near-drowning is a term used to describe a fatality that occurs several hours after resuscitation or revival of a drowning victim. Near-drowning accidents are usually witnessed and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is delivered at the scene. Lung rupture can occur during the submersion or consequent to the resuscitation efforts. Pneumonia is a later complication in the injured lung. To ensure that water-accident victims do not become near- drownings, they need to be admitted to a hospital with a respiratory intensive care unit and monitored for at least 24 hours to watch for complications. The hypothermic victim requires special attention. VII. Fuels and Fire Prevention Chemical Fuels Because serious accidents can happen when using gasoline in lanterns and stoves and igniting fires with liquid starters, adult supervision is required when chemical fuels are being used for lighting and cooking.| Guidelines for Safely Using Chemical Stoves and Lanterns 1. Use compressed- or liquid-gas stoves or lanterns only with knowledgeable adult supervision and in Scout facilities only where and when permitted. 2. Operate and maintain according to manufacturer's instructions included with the stove or lantern. 3. Store fuel in approved containers and under adult supervision.| Keep all chemical fuel containers away from hot stoves and campfires, and store below 100 . 4. Let hot stoves and lanterns cool before changing cylinders of compressed gases or refilling from bottles of liquid gas. 5. Refill liquid-gas stoves and lanterns a safe distance from any flames, including other stoves, campfires, and personal smoking substances. A commercial camp stove fuel should be used for safety and performance. Pour through a filter funnel. Recap both the device and the fuel container before igniting. 6. Never fuel a stove, heater, or lantern inside a cabin; always do this outdoors. Do not operate a stove or lantern in an unventilated structure. Provide at least two ventilation openings, one high and one low, to provide oxygen and exhaust for lethal gases. Never fuel, ignite, or operate a stove, heater, or lantern in a tent.| 7. Place the stove on a level, secure surface before operating. On snow, place insulated support under the stove to prevent melting and tipping. 8. Periodically check fittings on compressed-gas stoves and on pressurized liquid-gas stoves for leakage, using soap solution before lighting. 9. To avoid possible fires, locate gas tanks, stoves, etc., below any tents since heavy leaking gas will flow downhill the same as water. 10. When lighting a stove, keep fuel bottles and extra canisters well away. Do not hover over the stove when lighting it. Keep your head and body to one side. Open the stove valve quickly for two full turns and light carefully, with head, fingers, and hands to the side of the burner. Then adjust down. 11. Do not leave a lighted stove or lantern unattended. 12. Do not overload the stovetop with heavy pots or large frying pans. If pots over 2 quarts are necessary, set up a separate grill with legs to hold the pot, and place the stove under the grill. 13. Bring empty fuel containers home for disposal. Do not place in or near fires. Empty fuel containers will explode if heated and should never be put in fireplaces or with burnable trash. Flammability Warning No tent material is completely fireproof. It can burn when exposed to continued, intense heat or fire. The most important safeguard is to keep flames away from canvas materials. For this reason, the following safety precautions are emphasized: 1. Only flashlights and electric lanterns are permitted in tents. is a rule that must be enforced.| 2. Never use liquid-fuel stoves, heaters, lanterns, lighted candles, matches, and other flame sources in or near tents.| 3. Do not pitch tents near an open fire. 4. Do not use flammable chemicals near tents--charcoal lighter or spray cans of paint, bug killer, or repellent. 5. Be careful when using electricity and lighting in tents. 6. Always extinguish cooking campfires promptly. 7. Obey all fire laws, ordinances, and regulations.| Extinguishers If fire breaks out, it must be quickly and properly suppressed. To do this, you must know the three classes of fires and how to combat them: Class A--Fires that involve normally combustible materials such as paper, wood, fabrics, rubber, and many plastics. These fires can be quenched with water or insulated with tri- class (ABC) chemical or foam extinguishers. Class B--Fires that involve gasoline, oil, grease, tars, paints, lacquers, or flammable gases. The oxygen that supports this type of fire must be cut off by tri-class (ABC), regular dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (C02) extinguishers. Water is dangerous, as it spreads the fire. Class C--Electrical fires involving heated wire and arcing. These fires must be suppressed with tri-class (ABC) dry chemicals or C02--never water, which is a conductor. Fires in any one class may involve materials of other classes, so more than one type of extinguisher should be available. Because of the danger of lethal fumes, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extinguishers must not be used. Dispose of these extinguishers as recommended by fire officials. Extinguishers should normally be mounted near a doorway and approximately at shoulder level. In a camp setting, the unit leader is responsible for training Scouts in fire prevention, fire detection and reporting, and fire fighting. All youth members and adult leaders should have unit fireguard plan training. Reference: , No. 3691A Fireworks The Boy Scouts of America prohibits the securing, use, and display of fireworks in conjunction with programs and activities except where the fireworks display is conducted under the auspices of a certified or licensed fireworks control expert.| Local councils may not authorize any group or chartered unit activity for or on behalf of its members, units, or district to sell fireworks as a fundraising or money-earning activity.| VIII. Guns and Firearms The Boy Scouts of America adheres to its longstanding policy of teaching its youth and adult members the safe, responsible, intelligent handling, care, and use of firearms, airguns, and BB guns in planned, carefully managed, and supervised programs. Except for law enforcement officers required to carry firearms within their jurisdiction, firearms shall not be brought on camping, hiking, backpacking, or other Scouting activities except those specifically planned for target shooting under the supervision of a certified BSA or National Rifle Association firearms instructor.| Cub Scout Standards Gun-shooting sports are not an approved part of the Cub Scout program except at a council-approved Cub Scout day camp, Cub Scout resident camp, or Cub Scout family camp. At camp, Cub Scouts may have an opportunity to take part in a BB-gun (rifle) safety and marksmanship program under the direction of a trained and certified BB-gun range officer.| Cub Scouts are not permitted to use any other type of handgun or firearm.| Boy Scout Standards Boy Scouts are permitted to fire .22 caliber bolt- action, single-shot rifles, air rifles, shotguns, and muzzle- loading long guns under the direction of a certified instructor, 21 years of age or older, within the standards outlined in current Scouting literature and bulletins. BSA policy does not permit the use of handguns in the Boy Scouting program.| Handguns (Explorers only) The following guidelines relate to the use of handguns within the program of the Boy Scouts of America. 1. Handgun use is limited to the Explorer program only.| 2. All training and shooting activities must be under the supervision of an NRA-certified instructor or the firearms instructor of a local, state, or federal agency.| 3. All participants must complete a basic pistol marksmanship course prior to range firing. The NRA basic pistol marksmanship course (or equivalent training course) conducted by a law enforcement agency, a civilian gun club, or a U.S. military department is acceptable.| 4. Explorer handgun shooting ''Range Operation Outline'' must be used in conjunction with the basic pistol marksmanship training. This outline is available from the Exploring Division or Health and Safety Service at the national office. 5. With the approval of the local council, handgun shooting may be conducted on BSA camp ranges, provided the shooting is done under the auspices of an NRA-certified instructor or firearms instructor of a local, state, or federal agency.| 6. Care must be taken to comply with federal, state, and local laws. Shotguns The following standards are established for shotguns to be used by Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, or Explorers: 1. It is recommended that either 20-, 16-, or 12-gauge semi-automatic shotguns be used. Gas operated shotguns are recommended. 2. Ammunition containing No. 8 shot or smaller is recommended on ranges with a protected down range of 600 feet. Additional down range distance of 150 feet (total 750) is required for No. 6 shot size. Shot larger than No. 6 is not to be used. 3. Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn on shotgun ranges. 4. All training and shooting activities must be supervised by a currently NRA certified shotgun instructor or coach who is 21 years of age or older. Primary Reference: (Shooting Sports, Section V). Muzzle Loaders The following standards for muzzle-loading long guns are to be used by members of the BSA: 1. Muzzle-loading rifles must be recently manufactured, percussion only. BSA recommends .45 or .50 caliber. Rifles made from kits must be checked by an expert gunsmith. 2. Recommended loads of .FFFg blackpowder are not to exceed 1 grain per caliber. One-half of this amount is frequently sufficient for target shooting. 3. Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn. 4. All training and shooting activities must be supervised by a currently certified NRA/NMLRA muzzle-loading rifle instructor over 21 years of age. 5. Each pupil must have one instructor or adult coach under instructor supervision when loading and firing. Primary reference: (Shooting Sports, Section V) Rifles The following standards are established for rifles to be used in Boy Scouting: 1. Breech-loading rifles will be single-shot, bolt-action of the .22 caliber rim-fire type only. They may be chambered for the .22 short or .22 long rifle, but not for the .22 WRF (which is a more powerful cartridge). Air rifles are also permitted.| 2. Semiautomatic rifles will not be permitted.| 3. Repeating rifles having a tubular magazine will not be permitted.| 4. Repeating rifles having a removable clip-type magazine will be permitted but must be used as single loaders.| 5. No rifle will be used that has less than a 3-pound trigger pull.| 6. Shooting safety glasses and ear protectors must be worn on the range.| 7. All training and shooting activities must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified rifle instructor or coach who is 2l years of age or older.| IX. Hazardous Sports and Activities That Require Special Precautions The general policy of Scouting is to train youth to do safely the many things they normally do, such as swimming and boating; handling firearms, knives, and axes; riding bicycles; and hiking and camping. Scouting's disapproval or restriction of hazardous sports and activities is a positive policy to keep fun in the program and to develop sound judgment through experience. It is consistent with our principle of safety through skill on the part of leaders and youth. Cave Exploring These minimum safety requirements apply: 1. Cave exploring, other than simple novice activities, should be limited to high school-age or older Scouts and Explorers.| 2. Group leaders qualify through training and experience in cave exploring and through knowing established practices of safety, conservation, and cave courtesy. 3. Leader and group must understand and agree to follow the basic practices and policies of caving approved by the National Speleological Society and the Boy Scouts of America. References: Venture activity pamphlet, , No. 33458, and detailed information prepared by the National Speleological Society available from the Council Services Division at the national office. Judo If Scouts and Explorers practice defensive judo, it should be done with proper mats and with qualified instructors related to YMCAs. colleges, or athletic clubs whose objectives and coaching methods are compatible with the principles of the Boy Scouts of America. Rock Climbing and Rappelling It is important to distinguish between rock climbing (ascending or traversing a steep rock face) and rappelling (descending with a controlled slide down a rope). Both activities require special considerations of supervision, equipment, facilities, and location. Safety must be paramount so that participants are not exposed to unreasonable risk. Standards prepared with the assistance of highly qualified rock climbing authorities should be adhered to in conducting a rock climbing/rappelling program. References: , No. 33027, and Venture activity pamphlet , No. 3480 Unauthorized and Restricted Activities The following activities have been declared unauthorized and restricted by the Boy Scouts of America:| o All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are banned from program use. ATVs are defined a motorized recreational cycles with three or four large, soft tires, designed for off-road use on a variety of terrains.| o Boxing, karate, and related martial arts are not authorized activities.| o Chainsaws and mechanical log splitters may be authorized for use only by trained individuals over the age of 18, using proper protective gear in accordance with local laws.| o Exploration of abandoned mines is an unauthorized activity.| o Varsity football teams and interscholastic or club football competition and activities are unauthorized activities.| o Fireworks secured, used, or displayed in conjunction with program and activities is unauthorized except where the fireworks display is conducted under the auspices of a certified or licensed fireworks control expert.| o The selling of fireworks as a fundraising or money- earning activity by any group acting for or on behalf of members, units, or districts may not be authorized by councils.| o Flight training (power aircraft inflight) and hang gliding, microlite and ultralight flying, experimental aircraft flying, parachuting, and hot-air ballooning are unauthorized activities.| o Motorized go-carts and motorbike activities are unauthorized for Cub Scout and Boy Scout programs. All motorized speed events, including motorcycles, boats, drag racing, demolition derbies, and related events, are not authorized activities for any program level.| o Participation in amateur or professional rodeo events and council or district sponsorship of rodeos are not authorized.| o The activity commonly referred to as "War Games"--in which individuals shoot paint or dye at one another--is an unauthorized activity.| o Hunting is not an authorized Cub Scout or Boy Scout activity, although hunting safety is part of the program curriculum. (The purpose of this policy is to restrict chartered packs, troops and teams from conduction hunting trips.) However, this policy does not restrict Explorer posts from conducting hunting trips or special adult hunting expeditions provided that adequate safety procedures are followed and that all participants have obtained necessary permits and/or licenses from either state or federal agencies. While hunter safety education might not be required prior to obtaining a hunting license, successful completion of the respective state voluntary program is required before participating in the activity.| o Motorized personal watercraft, such as jet-skis, are not authorized for use in Scouting aquatics, and their use should not be permitted in or near BSA program areas.| o Except for (1) law enforcement officers required to carry firearms within their jurisdiction, and (2) circumstances within the scope of the BSA hunting policy statement, firearms should not be in the possession of any person engaged in camping, hiking, backpacking, or any other Scouting activity other than those specifically planned for target shooting under the supervision of a certified firearms instructor. (Among the purposes of this policy is to prohibit adult leaders from bringing firearms on BSA camping and hiking activities or to unit meetings.)| o Parasailing, or any activity in which a person is carried aloft by a parachute, parasail, kite, or other device towed by a motorboat or by any other means, is unauthorized.| o All activities related to bungee cord jumping (sometimes called shock cord jumping) are unauthorized.| Carbon Tetrachloride Carbon tetrachloride must never be used in any way in the Scouting program.| Even in small quantities, this poison has proved to be so deadly that it must be ruled out as a cleaning fluid, a fire extinguisher, a poison for insect killing, and a watermark detector for stamp collecting. Knives A sharp pocketknife with a can opener on it is an invaluable backcountry tool. Keep it clean, sharp, and handy. Avoid large sheath knives. They are heavy and awkward to carry and unnecessary for most camp chores except for cleaning fish. Since its inception, Boy Scouting has relied heavily on an outdoor program to achieve its objectives. This program meets more of the purposes of Scouting than any other single feature. We believe we have a duty to instill in our members, youth and adult, the knowledge of how to use, handle, and store legally owned knives with the highest concern for safety and responsibility. References: , , and Rope Monkey Bridges When constructing monkey bridges, observe the following safety rules: 1. Always follow the steps for constructing monkey bridges outlined in the merit badge pamphlet. 2. Before beginning the project, inspect your rope, looking at both the inside fibers and inner strands. Know the size and strength of the type of rope you are using, and its safe working load. 3. Monkey bridges should not be constructed higher than 5 feet above flat-surfaced ground nor longer than 40 feet. Initially. beginners should not span more than 25 feet. 4. Know the effect the knots will have in reducing rope strength and the proper care that rope requires. 5. Rope, especially rope carrying a load, should be checked each day before using. Rope carrying a load and left in place tends to become slack from fatigue and will break under stress. Tighten rope as necessary to maintain the integrity of the original construction. 6. Exercise special care when members of the public are allowed to use these monkey bridges. Establish controls when monkey bridges are constructed outside the camp environment. Station Scouts at each end to control access to the bridge. Allow only one adult at a time on the bridge. Never allow unaccompanied children on the bridge. Shut down the bridge when any repairs are being made and do not reopen until the adult leader has approved the repairs. 7. Any activity on rope swings, monkey bridges, slide-for- life, or similar devices that are located over water must comply with Safe Swim Defense. Reference: merit badge pamphlet Parade Floats and Hayrides The BSA rule prohibiting the transportation of passengers in the backs of trucks or on trailers may be tempered for parade floats or hayrides, provided that the following points are strictly followed to prevent injuries: 1. Transportation to and from the parade or hayride site is not allowed on the truck or trailer. 2. Those persons riding, whether seated or standing, must be able to hold on to something stationary. 3. Legs should not hang over the side. 4. Flashing lights must illuminate a vehicle used for a hayride after dark, or the vehicle must be followed by a vehicle with flashing lights. Unit Fund-raisers Include these safety considerations when planning a unit fund-raiser: 1. Money-earning projects should be suited to the ages and abilities of youth participants. 2. Proper adult supervision should be provided. 3. Youth should engage in money-earning projects only in neighborhoods that are safe and familiar and should use the buddy system. 4. Leaders must train youth members to never enter the home of a stranger and to know whom to contact in case of an emergency. 5. Youth participants should be familiar with safe pedestrian practices and participate during daylight hours only. 6. Compliance requirements: A. Check local statutes regarding solicitation rules and permits. B. A Unit Fund-raising Permit must be obtained from the local council service center. Tractor Safety 1. All farm-class tractors used by BSA members or employees in conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property must be equipped with seat belts and rollover protection (rollbars, reinforced cab or equivalent protection). If the tractor does not have this equipment refer to Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) regulations for interim compliance requirements. As of January 1, 1993, the use of any farm-class tractor not equipped with seat belts and rollover protection is unauthorized.| 2. No BSA member or employee may operate a farm class tractor in conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property unless such member or employee is at least 18 years of age and has completed BSA National Camping School ranger certification, or has been specifically trained in operations and safety procedures for tractors and their attached implements by a currently certified ranger and is directly supervised by a currently certified ranger.| X. Inspections Meeting Room Periodically, once or twice a year, the unit meeting place should be inspected for health and safety hazards.| The Meeting Place Inspection checklist, No. 6140A, is included in the appendix. Motor Vehicles Motor vehicles transporting passengers or carrying equipment should meet state inspection standards, if applicable, or use the vehicle checklist included in the appendix as a guide. Unit Camping Essentially, three occasions in unit camping require inspection: (1) after camp is set up, (2) after camp is taken down, and (3) periodically between. Your main interest in these inspections is to ensure a safe, livable camp and an unblemished site after you leave. Boats Upon request, the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary will conduct a Courtesy Marine Examination of any craft over 16 feet in length. The officer will analyze the vessel and advise you of any deficiencies within state or federal regulations. References: and XI. Medical Information It is recommended that all members of the Boy Scouts of America have periodic medical evaluations by a physician.* In recent years, in an effort to provide better care to those who may become ill or injured and to provide youth members and adult leaders a better understanding of their physical capabilities, the Boy Scouts of America established minimum standards for providing medical information prior to participating in various activities. They are classified as follows:| Includes any event that does , where the level of activity is similar to that normally expended at home or at school, and where medical care is readily available. Examples: day camp, day hike, swimming party, or an overnight camp. Medical information required is . The health history form currently found on the back of the BSA individual applications or the Class I Personal Health and Medical Summary found on page 3 of form No. 34414 (Personal Health and Medical Record) meet this requirement. Den leaders, Scoutmasters, team coaches, and post advisors should review these and become knowledgeable about the medical needs of the youth members in their unit. Forms must be updated annually. They are filled out by participants and kept on file for easy reference.| Includes any event that where the level of activity is similar to that normally expended at home or at school, and where medical care is readily available. Examples: resident camping, tour camping, and hiking in relatively populated areas. Medical data required is . The Personal Health and Medical Record--Class 2, No. 34414, is designed primarily for resident Cub Scout and Boy Scout summer camp but could be used for any Class 2 activity. Youth members and adult participants under 40 years of age use this form. The Class 2 requirement or form is not applicable to adults. (See for additional information on Class 2 application.)| Includes any event involving strenuous activity such as backpacking, high altitude, extreme weather conditions, cold water, exposure, fatigue, athletic competition, adventure challenge, or remote condition where readily available medical care cannot be assured. Examples: high-adventure activities, jamborees, Wood Badge, Explorer olympics, and extended backpacking trips in remote areas. Medical information required includes Form 34412 is to be used by youth for Class 3 activities. Adults over 40 will use this form for Class 2 and Class 3 activities. See form No. 34414, Personal Health and Medical Record, for more information.| *Examinations conducted by doctors of chiropractic or pediatric nurse practitioners will be recognized in states where they may perform physical examinations for students enrolled in public school systems. Immunizations Verification of the following protections is strongly recommended before participation in activities conducted by the Boy Scouts of America: 1. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid within the last ten years 2. Measles mumps and rubella (MMR) since first birthday 3. Trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV); four doses since birth Life-Threatening Communicable Diseases Local Scouting units and their chartered organizations traditionally determine their own membership, absent any legal constraints. Accordingly, units and sponsoring institutions should determine the feasibility or desirability of allowing youth or adult members who have or are suspected of having a life-threatening communicable disease to participate in Scouting activities. A youth member who is unable to attend meetings may continue to pursue Scouting through the Lone Scout program. Religious Beliefs and Medical Care The following is the policy of the Boy Scouts of America regarding medical requirements: o Medical examinations for camp attendance are required of all campers for the protection of the entire camp group. The immunization requirement is waived for persons with religious beliefs against immunization.| o All Scouts and Scout leaders need to learn first aid, not for their own use, but for service to others who may require it. A Scout or leader may ask to be excused from first-aid instruction, but no advancement requirement will be waived except as indicated.| o Requirements 1 and 5 for the Personal Fitness merit badge call for examinations by a physician and a dentist with appropriate follow-up recommendations. This may be set aside on presentation of a certificate by the Scout's parents and a proper church official that a definite violation of religious conviction is involved.| XII. Transportation Established public carriers--trains, buses and commercial airlines--are the safest and most comfortable way for groups to travel. Chartered buses usually are the most economical transportation for groups of twenty or more. It may be necessary for small groups to travel in private automobiles; however the use of chartered equipment from established rail bus and airline companies is strongly recommended. The advantages are many. These companies have excellent safety records because of their periodic inspections and approved health and safety procedures. References: , , , , and Automobiles It is essential that adequate, safe, and responsible transportation be used for all Scouting activities. Because most accidents occur within a short distance from home, safety precautions are necessary, even on short trips. General guidelines are as follows 1. Seat belts are required for all occupants.| 2. All drivers must be licensed. If the vehicle to be used is designed to carry more than fifteen persons, including the driver (more than ten persons, including the driver, in California), the driver must have a commercial driver's license (CDL).| 3. An adult leader (at least 21 years of age) must be in charge and accompany the group.| 4. The driver must be currently licensed and at least 18 years of age. Youth member exception: When traveling to an area, regional, or national Boy Scout activity or any Explorer event under the leadership of an adult (at least 21 years of age) tour leader, a youth member at least 18 years of age may be a driver, subject to the following conditions:| a. Six months' driving experience as a licensed driver (time on a learner's permit or equivalent is not to be counted)| b. No record of accidents or moving violations| c. Parental permission granted to the leader, driver, and riders| d. A 21-year-old licensed driver must be a passenger in the vehicle.| 5. Passenger cars or station wagons may be used for transporting passengers, but passengers should not ride on the rear deck of station wagons.| 6. Trucks may not be used for transporting passengers except in the cab.| 7. All driving, except short trips, should be done in daylight.| 8. All vehicles must be covered by automobile liability insurance with limits that meet or exceed requirements of the state in which the vehicle is licensed. It is recommended that coverage limits are at least $50,000/$100,000/$50,000. Any vehicle designed to carry ten or more passengers is to have limits of $100,000/$500,000/$100,000.| 9. Do not exceed the speed limit.| 10. Do not travel in convoy.| 11. Twelve hours of actual travel time including rest stops and a change of drivers is the maximum for one day; a minimum of eight or nine hours should be planned for sleep at night.| Campers, Trailers, and Trucks Trucks are designed and constructed to transport materials and equipment, not people. The beds of trucks or trailers must never be used for carrying passengers.| Tour permits will not be issued for any trip that involves carrying passengers in a truck except in the cab. This includes vehicles converted for that use unless they are licensed as buses and meet all requirements for buses. Use caution in towing trailers or campers as a vehicle's performance, steering, and braking abilities will be altered. Consider these safety tips. 1. Get the correct trailer for the car and the correct hitch for the trailer. Distribute and anchor the load. 2. Allow extra time to brake. Changing lanes while braking can jackknife the trailer. 3. Add safety equipment as dictated by common sense and state laws (mirrors, lights, safety chains, brakes for heavy trailers, etc.) 4. Park in designated areas. Buses A driver of a bus or any vehicle designed to carry more than fifteen persons (including driver) is required to have a commercial driver's license.| Possession or a license, however, does not mean that a person is capable of driving a bus safely. It is essential that unit leaders and volunteers be thoroughly familiar with the bus they will be driving, including knowing the location of emergency exits and fire extinguishers and how to operate them. A driver must be prepared to handle and brake a full bus, which weighs significantly more than an empty bus. Other safety tips are: 1. Regular and thorough maintenance program 2. No more passengers than there are seating locations 3. Luggage and equipment fastened securely to prevent being thrown around in case of an accident 4. Emergency exits clear of people or things 5. Pretrip inspection of critical systems (signals, fuel, tires, windshield wipers, horn, etc.) The safety rules for automobiles apply to bus travel, with the exception of seat belts. In special cases, chartered buses may travel more than nine hours a day. On certain occasions, night travel by public carrier bus is appropriate--it should be considered permissible when conditions are such that rest and sleep for passengers are possible with a reasonable degree of comfort. However, night travel on buses should not be planned for two successive nights. Trains Observe these safety guidelines for train travel: 1. Don't lean out of windows or doors. 2. When changing trains, don't cross railroad tracks without permission. 3. Stay out of vestibules. Keep the railroad car door closed. 4. In case of illness or accident, see a train official who can arrange for medical help 5. On overnight trips, one leader should be on watch duty at all times. Boats In national parks and some other areas of the country, special boat and canoe regulations are in force, and special boat permits are required for cruising or recreation. Follow these safety precautions: 1. U.S. Coast Guard recommends and BSA regulations require that an approved USCG personal flotation device (PFD) be worn by each participant using watercraft in an aquatics activity. Types II and III are recommended for Scout activity afloat.| A capsized boat is never anticipated, so always be prepared. Be sure each individual wears a PFD. 2. Rowboats or canoes carrying passengers should not be towed behind motorboats or sailboats.| 3. Use of canoes should be restricted to swimmers who have satisfactorily demonstrated their ability in launching, landing, and paddling a canoe and in handling a swamped canoe. Canoeists should be taught the proper procedure for staying afloat if the canoe capsizes or is swamped.| 4. Small boats, whether under sail or power, used for pleasure or ferry purposes, must have a minimum capacity of 10 cubic feet per person.| Boats propelled by hand power--such as rowboats--and used for pleasure purposes only must provide a minimum of 7 cubic feet per person. (Lifeboats on passenger-carrying vessels propelled by power must comply with the 10-cubic- foot law.)| 5. Provision also should be made by all boats under sail or power for a sufficient quantity or supply of oars and rowlocks or paddles to be used in case of emergency. Fire- fighting equipment and lights must also be carried aboard.| 6. Bilges of gasoline-powered boats should be kept free from gasoline and oil at all times. Thorough ventilation, either natural or by blower, is necessary to dispel gasoline vapor.| 7. Motorized personal watercraft, such as jet-skis, are not authorized for use in Scouting activities, and their use should not be permitted in or near BSA program areas.| 8. To prevent ignition by static electricity during refueling, establish complete metallic contact between the nozzle of the filling hose and the tank opening or filling pipe, and maintain contact until gasoline has ceased to flow. If a funnel is used, establish contact with the funnel and the opening in the tank. All passengers should be ashore during refueling.| For regulations that govern cruises by private powerboat or sailboat refer to Motorboat Regulations, published by the US Coast Guard. Aircraft Air travel is permitted as follows: 1. On any flight scheduled by a commercial airline.| 2. On orientation flights aboard military aircraft. Written parental approval must be presented to the local council for youth who will engage in these orientation flights.| 3. Members traveling in chartered commercial aircraft or private aircraft during an activity identified as a "Scouting activity" must obtain prior written approval on form No. 10-118, Flying Permit Application, two weeks in advance of the activity.| 4. Hang gliding, microlite and ultralight flying, experimental aircraft flying, parachuting, hot-air ballooning, and night training (power aircraft inflight) are unauthorized activities.| 5. Airplane travelers are cautioned about what they pack in their luggage. In flight, variations in temperature and air pressure can cause some hazardous materials to leak or ignite. Included in the category of hazardous materials that should not be packed in luggage are matches or lighters; flammable liquids and gases; signal flares and other explosives; bleaches, aerosols, mercury, and solvents containing dangerous chemicals that can cause toxic fumes and corrosion.| Tour Permits If a unit plans a trip within 500 miles of the home base, it is important that the unit obtain a local tour permit (see sample in appendix). A national tour permit is required for trips in excess of 500 miles from home or outside the continental United States.| Tour permits have become recognized by national parks, military institutions, and other organizations as proof that a unit activity has been well planned and organized and is under capable and qualified leadership. These organizations may require the tour permit for entry. XIII. Winter Activities There is magic to camping in winter. It is one of the most advanced and challenging of outdoor adventures. Special considerations for winter camping include the following: 1. --In no other camp is the type of leadership as important as in the winter camp. It is vital that a leader be an experienced camper with a strong character. 2. --Do not attempt to camp unless completely outfitted. Even if equipment for winter camp is more expensive than for summer camp, Scouts must be adequately clothed, and leaders should ensure that blankets and other equipment are of suitable quality and weight. 3. --A physician's certificate as to physical ability must be obtained by each Scout before preliminary training begins. Beyond camping, a number of cold-weather activities present challenges to the Scout and leader, such as cross- country skiing, ice skating, sledding, snowmobiling, ice fishing, and snowshoeing. Essential ingredients for fun include skill training and an awareness of the hazards unique to these activities. Snow conditions, hazardous terrain, special clothing needs, and emergency survival are important issues for a safe and successful experience. References: , , , and XIV. Youth Protection and Child Abuse Because of the great concern the Boy Scouts of America has for the problem of child abuse in our society, the Youth Protection program has been developed to help safeguard both our youth and adult members. Published and videotaped materials have been prepared to give professionals and volunteers information on the resources available for educating our membership about child abuse--how to avoid it, how to identify it, and how to deal with it. These materials and local council training programs are designed to give parents and their children basic information that will increase their awareness and sense of personal power to assist in their own self-protection. Unit leaders can learn more from these materials: o , No 3943; Spanish edition, , No. 94-006 o Youth Protection Basic Training for Adults (Cub Scout and Boy Scout No 90-148; Explorers No 34-225) o , No 34-226 o (video), available from district executive or local council service center o (video), available from district executive or local council service center. Appendix Note: This Appendix does not include the following, which are included in the hardcopy version: o Meeting Place Inspection Checklist for Packs, Troops, Teams and Posts, No. 6140A o Local Tour Permit Application, No. 34426 o National Tour Permit Application, No. 34419 Copies of these forms may be obtained from your local service center. Motor Vehicle Checklist Owner's Name: Address: City, State ZIP: Driver's License No.: Renewal Date: Telephone: ( ) Insurance Company Amount of liability coverage $ Other drivers of same vehicle (this trip only) and driver's license numbers: Make of vehicle Model year Color Auto license no. Basic Safety Check: 1. Seat belt for every passenger? 2. Tire tread OK? Spare? Jack? 3. Brakes OK? 4. Windshield wipers operate? Fluid in reservoir? 5. Current inspection sticker? 6. Headlights and turn signals operating? 7. Rearview mirrors? 8. Exhaust system OK? Additional Safety Check: 1. Flares for emergencies? 2. Fire extinguisher? 3. Flashlight? 4. Tow chain or rope? 5. First-aid kit?